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{"schema_version":"1.9.2","id":"GHSA-2p2f-4rq4-gjwc","published":"2026-11-12T23:38:57Z","modified":"2026-11-12T23:45:03.307009659Z","aliases":["CVE-2026-126079"],"summary":"Action View: Possible XSS vulnerability in text helpers","details":"### Impact\nWith the HTML5 sanitizer (`Rails::HTML5::Sanitizer`, the default vendor on CRuby for applications using `load_defaults 7.1` or later), Nokogiri before 1.19.5 serializes `<` and `>` unescaped inside attribute values. The Action View text helpers `highlight` and `simple_format` sanitize their input and then process the resulting HTML as a string: `highlight` splits it on tag boundaries to insert matches, and `simple_format` splits it into paragraphs on blank lines. An unescaped `>` or a blank line inside an attribute value could cause markup in that value, which the sanitizer left inert, to be emitted as live elements in the helper's `html_safe` output, possibly leading to XSS. Applications that use the HTML5 sanitizer and pass untrusted text to `highlight`, or to `simple_format` with `html_options`, are affected.\n\n### Details\nThe fixed releases require rails-html-sanitizer 1.7.2 or later, which requires Loofah 2.25.3 and Nokogiri 1.19.5. With these versions, the HTML5 sanitizer escapes `<` and `>` in attribute values as `<` and `>`, as the HTML4 sanitizer already does. The parsed DOM is unchanged, but code or tests that compare sanitized HTML as a string may see the new serialization.\n\n### Workarounds\nUpgrade Nokogiri to 1.19.5 or later; the escaping is in its HTML5 serializer, so no Rails upgrade is needed. Alternatively, use the HTML4 sanitizer by setting `config.action_view.sanitizer_vendor = Rails::HTML4::Sanitizer`.\n\n### Releases\nThe fixed releases are available at the normal locations.\n\nPatches for those who cannot upgrade at once:\n- 8.1: https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/adc3a32d4abea77ed3aacf6f5fb71cfc005bef73.patch\n- 8.0: https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/009ea68342d05d02087c04dae7faaa4e4c1def11.patch\n\n### Credit\nThis issue was responsibly reported by HackerOne researcher [azaran](https://hackerone.com/azaran).\nThis issue was also found by the Anthropic OSS Scanner (ANT-2026-RTK47OH0).","affected":[{"package":{"name":"actionview","ecosystem":"RubyGems","purl":"pkg:gem/actionview"},"ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"8.1.0.beta1"},{"fixed":"8.1.4.1"}]}],"versions":["8.1.0","8.1.0.beta1","8.1.0.rc1","8.1.1","8.1.2","8.1.2.1","8.1.3","8.1.3.1","8.1.4"],"database_specific":{"source":"https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/advisories/github-reviewed/2026/11/GHSA-2p2f-4rq4-gjwc/GHSA-2p2f-4rq4-gjwc.json"}},{"package":{"name":"actionview","ecosystem":"RubyGems","purl":"pkg:gem/actionview"},"ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"8.0.5.2"}]}],"versions":["4.1.0","4.1.0.beta1","4.1.0.beta2","4.1.0.rc1","4.1.0.rc2","4.1.1","4.1.10","4.1.10.rc1","4.1.10.rc2","4.1.10.rc3","4.1.10.rc4","4.1.11","4.1.12","4.1.12.rc1","4.1.13","4.1.13.rc1","4.1.14","4.1.14.1","4.1.14.2","4.1.14.rc1","4.1.14.rc2","4.1.15","4.1.15.rc1","4.1.16","4.1.16.rc1","4.1.2","4.1.2.rc1","4.1.2.rc2","4.1.2.rc3","4.1.3","4.1.4","4.1.5","4.1.6","4.1.6.rc1","4.1.6.rc2","4.1.7","4.1.7.1","4.1.8","4.1.9","4.1.9.rc1","4.2.0","4.2.0.beta1","4.2.0.beta2","4.2.0.beta3","4.2.0.beta4","4.2.0.rc1","4.2.0.rc2","4.2.0.rc3","4.2.1","4.2.1.rc1","4.2.1.rc2","4.2.1.rc3","4.2.1.rc4","4.2.10","4.2.10.rc1","4.2.11","4.2.11.1","4.2.11.2","4.2.11.3","4.2.2","4.2.3","4.2.3.rc1","4.2.4","4.2.4.rc1","4.2.5","4.2.5.1","4.2.5.2","4.2.5.rc1","4.2.5.rc2","4.2.6","4.2.6.rc1","4.2.7","4.2.7.1","4.2.7.rc1","4.2.8","4.2.8.rc1","4.2.9","4.2.9.rc1","4.2.9.rc2","5.0.0","5.0.0.1","5.0.0.beta1","5.0.0.beta1.1","5.0.0.beta2","5.0.0.beta3","5.0.0.beta4","5.0.0.racecar1","5.0.0.rc1","5.0.0.rc2","5.0.1","5.0.1.rc1","5.0.1.rc2","5.0.2","5.0.2.rc1","5.0.3","5.0.4","5.0.4.rc1","5.0.5","5.0.5.rc1","5.0.5.rc2","5.0.6","5.0.6.rc1","5.0.7","5.0.7.1","5.0.7.2","5.1.0","5.1.0.beta1","5.1.0.rc1","5.1.0.rc2","5.1.1","5.1.2","5.1.2.rc1","5.1.3","5.1.3.rc1","5.1.3.rc2","5.1.3.rc3","5.1.4","5.1.4.rc1","5.1.5","5.1.5.rc1","5.1.6","5.1.6.1","5.1.6.2","5.1.7","5.1.7.rc1","5.2.0","5.2.0.beta1","5.2.0.beta2","5.2.0.rc1","5.2.0.rc2","5.2.1","5.2.1.1","5.2.1.rc1","5.2.2","5.2.2.1","5.2.2.rc1","5.2.3","5.2.3.rc1","5.2.4","5.2.4.1","5.2.4.2","5.2.4.3","5.2.4.4","5.2.4.5","5.2.4.6","5.2.4.rc1","5.2.5","5.2.6","5.2.6.1","5.2.6.2","5.2.6.3","5.2.7","5.2.7.1","5.2.8","5.2.8.1","6.0.0","6.0.0.beta1","6.0.0.beta2","6.0.0.beta3","6.0.0.rc1","6.0.0.rc2","6.0.1","6.0.1.rc1","6.0.2","6.0.2.1","6.0.2.2","6.0.2.rc1","6.0.2.rc2","6.0.3","6.0.3.1","6.0.3.2","6.0.3.3","6.0.3.4","6.0.3.5","6.0.3.6","6.0.3.7","6.0.3.rc1","6.0.4","6.0.4.1","6.0.4.2","6.0.4.3","6.0.4.4","6.0.4.5","6.0.4.6","6.0.4.7","6.0.4.8","6.0.5","6.0.5.1","6.0.6","6.0.6.1","6.1.0","6.1.0.rc1","6.1.0.rc2","6.1.1","6.1.2","6.1.2.1","6.1.3","6.1.3.1","6.1.3.2","6.1.4","6.1.4.1","6.1.4.2","6.1.4.3","6.1.4.4","6.1.4.5","6.1.4.6","6.1.4.7","6.1.5","6.1.5.1","6.1.6","6.1.6.1","6.1.7","6.1.7.1","6.1.7.10","6.1.7.2","6.1.7.3","6.1.7.4","6.1.7.5","6.1.7.6","6.1.7.7","6.1.7.8","6.1.7.9","7.0.0","7.0.0.alpha1","7.0.0.alpha2","7.0.0.rc1","7.0.0.rc2","7.0.0.rc3","7.0.1","7.0.10","7.0.2","7.0.2.1","7.0.2.2","7.0.2.3","7.0.2.4","7.0.3","7.0.3.1","7.0.4","7.0.4.1","7.0.4.2","7.0.4.3","7.0.5","7.0.5.1","7.0.6","7.0.7","7.0.7.1","7.0.7.2","7.0.8","7.0.8.1","7.0.8.2","7.0.8.3","7.0.8.4","7.0.8.5","7.0.8.6","7.0.8.7","7.0.9","7.1.0","7.1.0.beta1","7.1.0.rc1","7.1.0.rc2","7.1.1","7.1.2","7.1.3","7.1.3.1","7.1.3.2","7.1.3.3","7.1.3.4","7.1.4","7.1.4.1","7.1.4.2","7.1.5","7.1.5.1","7.1.5.2","7.1.6","7.2.0","7.2.0.beta1","7.2.0.beta2","7.2.0.beta3","7.2.0.rc1","7.2.1","7.2.1.1","7.2.1.2","7.2.2","7.2.2.1","7.2.2.2","7.2.3","7.2.3.1","7.2.3.2","7.2.4","8.0.0","8.0.0.1","8.0.0.beta1","8.0.0.rc1","8.0.0.rc2","8.0.1","8.0.2","8.0.2.1","8.0.3","8.0.4","8.0.4.1","8.0.5","8.0.5.1"],"database_specific":{"source":"https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/advisories/github-reviewed/2026/11/GHSA-2p2f-4rq4-gjwc/GHSA-2p2f-4rq4-gjwc.json"}}],"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/rails/rails/security/advisories/GHSA-2p2f-4rq4-gjwc"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-126079"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/009ea68342d05d02087c04dae7faaa4e4c1def11"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/adc3a32d4abea77ed3aacf6f5fb71cfc005bef73"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://github.com/rails/rails"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/rails/rails/releases/tag/v8.0.5.2"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/rails/rails/releases/tag/v8.1.4.1"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/actionview/GHSA-2p2f-4rq4-gjwc.yml"},{"type":"WEB","url":"http://github.com/rails/rails/commit/adc3a32d4abea77ed3aacf6f5fb71cfc005bef73"}],"database_specific":{"cwe_ids":["CWE-79"],"github_reviewed":true,"github_reviewed_at":"2026-11-12T23:38:57Z","nvd_published_at":"2026-11-10T21:19:26Z","severity":"MODERATE"},"severity":[{"type":"CVSS_V3","score":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"}]} 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