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vuln-cve/data/2026/72xxx/CVE-2026-72423.json
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{
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"cveMetadata": {
"cveId": "CVE-2026-72423",
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"state": "PUBLISHED",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-09T03:40:39.928Z",
"datePublished": "2026-08-15T05:56:41.711Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T12:29:22.084Z"
},
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},
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Guard conntrack opts error writes\n\nThe conntrack lookup and allocation kfuncs take an opts pointer\ntogether with an opts__sz argument. The verifier checks only the memory\nrange described by opts__sz, but the wrappers unconditionally write\nopts->error whenever the internal lookup or allocation helper returns an\nerror.\n\nFor an invalid size smaller than the end of opts->error, that write can\nland outside the verifier-checked range. Keep returning NULL for invalid\narguments, but only report the error through opts->error when the\nsupplied size includes the field.\n\nThis preserves error reporting for the supported 12-byte and 16-byte\nlayouts, and for other invalid sizes that still include opts->error."
}
],
"metrics": [
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"cvssV3_1": {
"version": "3.1",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires loading and attaching a BPF XDP or TC program that calls the conntrack kfuncs via the bpf() syscall; per kernel CNA guidance BPF/netfilter paths are Local even when programs later run on network packets.\nAC:L - An attacker reliably triggers the bug by calling bpf_xdp_ct_lookup/alloc or bpf_skb_ct_lookup/alloc with opts__sz smaller than the error field (e.g. 4); the helper returns EINVAL and the wrapper performs the out-of-bounds write with no races or attacker-uncontrollable conditions.\nPR:L - Loading BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP or BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS programs requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, which unprivileged users can obtain inside user/network namespaces (unshare -Urn) on typical Linux deployments without init-namespace root.\nUI:N - No victim interaction is required; the attacker loads their own BPF program and invokes the kfunc with a small opts__sz to trigger the out-of-bounds write on demand.\nS:C - Corrupting kernel memory via a verifier-bypassing BPF stack write from a user/network namespace can cross the namespace/container trust boundary to compromise the host kernel, exceeding the attacker's original security scope.\nC:H - The bug is a controlled 4-byte out-of-bounds write past the verifier-approved opts buffer on the BPF stack, a memory-corruption primitive that can be leveraged for arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - Writing opts->error outside the verifier-checked range corrupts adjacent BPF stack slots with attacker-influenced errno values, enabling heap/stack grooming and control-flow hijacking toward arbitrary kernel code execution.\nA:H - Corrupting BPF stack memory outside verifier bounds can cause immediate kernel oops/panic or be used in a repeatable crash/DoS loop when the attached XDP/TC program runs on incoming traffic."
}
]
}
],
"affected": [
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"product": "Linux",
"vendor": "Linux",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"programFiles": [
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],
"versions": [
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"status": "affected",
"versionType": "git"
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"status": "affected",
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{
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"vendor": "Linux",
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"programFiles": [
"net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_bpf.c"
],
"versions": [
{
"version": "5.18",
"status": "affected"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
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{
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"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "6.18.57",
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "7.1.5",
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "7.2",
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"operator": "OR",
"negate": false,
"cpeMatch": [
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"vulnerable": true,
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6fd973def4d6cb89aaf7e9b6bc26cac977f6da13"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/669bc3b345712112d3f033a1953f5a10b15e7c65"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/63d95c6bbd6fc0e411404188306a1fea456300b0"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/453f4f1e90de55b6bc297936031b68bef93f2e28"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd74c80203842a21b2ebb9f70d1260d9aa20fa05"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6f6183a39533d727deaa5061cadae6dd9e6744d0"
}
],
"title": "bpf: Guard conntrack opts error writes",
"x_generator": {
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"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"type": "ssvc",
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-72423",
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"version": "2.0.3",
"timestamp": "2026-10-16T18:49:41.501757Z"
}
}
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment",
"providerMetadata": {
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"shortName": "CISA-ADP",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-16T18:55:23.252Z"
}
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]
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}