284 lines
18 KiB
JSON
284 lines
18 KiB
JSON
{
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"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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"dataVersion": "5.2",
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"cveMetadata": {
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"cveId": "CVE-2026-110910",
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"assignerOrgId": "7ffcee3d-2c14-4c3e-b844-86c6a321a158",
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"state": "PUBLISHED",
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"assignerShortName": "harborist",
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"dateReserved": "2026-10-15T03:01:58.840Z",
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"datePublished": "2026-10-27T06:42:42.365Z",
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"dateUpdated": "2026-11-04T15:01:07.679Z"
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},
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"containers": {
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"cna": {
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"providerMetadata": {
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"orgId": "7ffcee3d-2c14-4c3e-b844-86c6a321a158",
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"shortName": "harborist",
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"dateUpdated": "2026-10-27T19:32:36.456Z"
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},
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"title": "qs.stringify with allowEmptyArrays does not encode the keys of empty arrays, allowing query string parameter injection",
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"problemTypes": [
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{
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"descriptions": [
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{
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"lang": "en",
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"cweId": "CWE-116",
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"description": "CWE-116 Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output",
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"type": "CWE"
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}
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]
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}
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],
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"affected": [
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{
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"vendor": "ljharb",
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"product": "qs",
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"collectionURL": "https://npmjs.com/qs",
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"packageName": "qs",
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"repo": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs",
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"versions": [
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{
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"status": "affected",
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"version": "6.12.0",
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"lessThan": "6.12.6",
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"versionType": "semver"
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},
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{
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"status": "affected",
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"version": "6.13.0",
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"lessThan": "6.13.4",
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"versionType": "semver"
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},
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{
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"status": "affected",
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"version": "6.14.0",
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"lessThan": "6.14.3",
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"versionType": "semver"
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},
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{
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"status": "affected",
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"version": "6.15.0",
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"lessThan": "6.15.4",
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"versionType": "semver"
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},
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{
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"status": "affected",
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"version": "6.16.0",
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"lessThan": "6.16.2",
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"versionType": "semver"
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}
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],
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"defaultStatus": "unaffected"
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}
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],
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"descriptions": [
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{
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"lang": "en",
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"value": "### Summary\n\n\n\n`qs.stringify` with `allowEmptyArrays: true` writes the key of an empty array without encoding it, even though keys are encoded by default. A key that contains `&` (or the configured `delimiter`), `=`, or `#` therefore becomes query string syntax instead of data, so a caller-supplied key name can add parameters to the serialized query string, or cut it short.\n\n\n\n### Details\n\n\n\nIn `lib/stringify.js`, the `allowEmptyArrays` branch returns `adjustedPrefix + '[]'` early, before the code that passes every other key through `encoder` and `formatter`. So `{ \"x&k=v\": [\"1\"] }` serializes as `x%26k%3Dv%5B0%5D=1`, but `{ \"x&k=v\": [] }` serializes as `x&k=v[]`. The early return applies at any depth (`{ \"a\": { \"b&k=v\": [] } }` gives `a[b&k=v][]`), under every `arrayFormat`, with `allowDots`, and with a custom `encoder`, which is never called for that key. With `encode: false` or `encodeValuesOnly: true`, keys are intentionally left unencoded on every path; those configurations are not affected.\n\n\n\n#### PoC\n\n\n\n```js\n\n\n\nvar qs = require(\"qs\");\n\n\n\nvar query = qs.stringify({ q: \"hi\", \"x&apiKey=evil&y\": [] }, { allowEmptyArrays: true });\n\n\n\n// \"q=hi&x&apiKey=evil&y[]\"\n\n\n\nqs.parse(query);\n\n\n\n// { q: \"hi\", x: \"\", apiKey: \"evil\", y: [\"\"] }\n\n\n\nqs.stringify({ \"x#\": [], z: \"1\" }, { allowEmptyArrays: true });\n\n\n\n// \"x#[]&z=1\": in a URL, everything after \"#\" becomes the fragment\n\n\n\n```\n\n\n\n#### Fix\n\n\n\nApplied in 234d505 on `main` and released as v6.17.0, and backported to v6.16.2, v6.15.4, v6.14.3, v6.13.4, and v6.12.6: the key of an empty array goes through `encoder` and `formatter` exactly as the key of any other value does, so `{ \"x&apiKey=evil&y\": [] }` now serializes as `x%26apiKey%3Devil%26y[]`. Keys that need no encoding serialize as before, with two exceptions that match every other path: the brackets of a nested key are now encoded (`a[b][]` becomes `a%5Bb%5D[]`, which `qs.parse` reads identically), and with `encodeDotInKeys`, a dot in the key becomes `%252E` instead of `%2E` (which `decodeDotInKeys` previously misread as nesting).\n\n\n\n### Affected versions\n\n\n\n- `>=6.12.0 <6.12.6`, fixed in v6.12.6\n\n\n\n- `>=6.13.0 <6.13.4`, fixed in v6.13.4\n\n\n\n- `>=6.14.0 <6.14.3`, fixed in v6.14.3\n\n\n\n- `>=6.15.0 <6.15.4`, fixed in v6.15.4\n\n\n\n- `>=6.16.0 <6.16.2`, fixed in v6.16.2\n\n\n\nv6.17.0 and later are not affected.\n\n\n\n`allowEmptyArrays` was introduced in f22b2bc and first shipped in v6.12.0, with this early return. Earlier versions have no `allowEmptyArrays` option and are not affected.\n\n\n\n### Impact\n\n\n\nAn application that passes an object whose key names come from untrusted input to `qs.stringify` with `allowEmptyArrays: true` (for example, to forward a parsed JSON body or user-selected fields to an upstream service) can have parameters injected into the resulting query string. The injected parameters are not keys of the object, so deleting or overwriting a key on the object (such as setting a trusted `apiKey` after copying the user's fields) does not remove them; whether the attacker's value or the application's wins depends on how the receiving side handles a duplicate parameter. A `#` in such a key ends the query string early when the result is placed in a URL. `allowEmptyArrays` is off by default, and only keys whose value (after any `filter`) is an empty array are affected.",
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"supportingMedia": [
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{
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"type": "text/html",
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"base64": false,
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"value": "<p>### Summary</p><p>`qs.stringify` with `allowEmptyArrays: true` writes the key of an empty array without encoding it, even though keys are encoded by default. A key that contains `&` (or the configured `delimiter`), `=`, or `#` therefore becomes query string syntax instead of data, so a caller-supplied key name can add parameters to the serialized query string, or cut it short.</p><p>### Details</p><p>In `lib/stringify.js`, the `allowEmptyArrays` branch returns `adjustedPrefix + '[]'` early, before the code that passes every other key through `encoder` and `formatter`. So `{ \"x&k=v\": [\"1\"] }` serializes as `x%26k%3Dv%5B0%5D=1`, but `{ \"x&k=v\": [] }` serializes as `x&k=v[]`. The early return applies at any depth (`{ \"a\": { \"b&k=v\": [] } }` gives `a[b&k=v][]`), under every `arrayFormat`, with `allowDots`, and with a custom `encoder`, which is never called for that key. With `encode: false` or `encodeValuesOnly: true`, keys are intentionally left unencoded on every path; those configurations are not affected.</p><p>#### PoC</p><p>```js</p><p>var qs = require(\"qs\");</p><p>var query = qs.stringify({ q: \"hi\", \"x&apiKey=evil&y\": [] }, { allowEmptyArrays: true });</p><p>// \"q=hi&x&apiKey=evil&y[]\"</p><p>qs.parse(query);</p><p>// { q: \"hi\", x: \"\", apiKey: \"evil\", y: [\"\"] }</p><p>qs.stringify({ \"x#\": [], z: \"1\" }, { allowEmptyArrays: true });</p><p>// \"x#[]&z=1\": in a URL, everything after \"#\" becomes the fragment</p><p>```</p><p>#### Fix</p><p>Applied in 234d505 on `main` and released as v6.17.0, and backported to v6.16.2, v6.15.4, v6.14.3, v6.13.4, and v6.12.6: the key of an empty array goes through `encoder` and `formatter` exactly as the key of any other value does, so `{ \"x&apiKey=evil&y\": [] }` now serializes as `x%26apiKey%3Devil%26y[]`. Keys that need no encoding serialize as before, with two exceptions that match every other path: the brackets of a nested key are now encoded (`a[b][]` becomes `a%5Bb%5D[]`, which `qs.parse` reads identically), and with `encodeDotInKeys`, a dot in the key becomes `%252E` instead of `%2E` (which `decodeDotInKeys` previously misread as nesting).</p><p>### Affected versions</p><p>- `>=6.12.0 <6.12.6`, fixed in v6.12.6</p><p>- `>=6.13.0 <6.13.4`, fixed in v6.13.4</p><p>- `>=6.14.0 <6.14.3`, fixed in v6.14.3</p><p>- `>=6.15.0 <6.15.4`, fixed in v6.15.4</p><p>- `>=6.16.0 <6.16.2`, fixed in v6.16.2</p><p>v6.17.0 and later are not affected.</p><p>`allowEmptyArrays` was introduced in f22b2bc and first shipped in v6.12.0, with this early return. Earlier versions have no `allowEmptyArrays` option and are not affected.</p><p>### Impact</p><p>An application that passes an object whose key names come from untrusted input to `qs.stringify` with `allowEmptyArrays: true` (for example, to forward a parsed JSON body or user-selected fields to an upstream service) can have parameters injected into the resulting query string. The injected parameters are not keys of the object, so deleting or overwriting a key on the object (such as setting a trusted `apiKey` after copying the user's fields) does not remove them; whether the attacker's value or the application's wins depends on how the receiving side handles a duplicate parameter. A `#` in such a key ends the query string early when the result is placed in a URL. `allowEmptyArrays` is off by default, and only keys whose value (after any `filter`) is an empty array are affected.</p>"
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}
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]
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}
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],
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"references": [
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{
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"url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs/security/advisories/GHSA-w4cr-vjpx-p82q",
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"tags": [
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"vendor-advisory"
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]
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},
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{
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"url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs/commit/234d5051f5071efaa025a7ca9e4d34a56a460a1b",
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"tags": [
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"patch"
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]
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},
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{
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"url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs/commit/6b8bf1a53d7b0c5e7e434eaae8e2c0cffd5c2492",
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"tags": [
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"patch"
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]
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},
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{
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"url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs/commit/033526fc82f2e80a3d896df2bce9137e34cb5dc5",
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"tags": [
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"patch"
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]
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},
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{
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"url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs/commit/f9dd4830cb922363822cdfdca2cceb3ed9792224",
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"tags": [
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"patch"
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]
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},
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{
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"url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs/commit/ad445aa23e4c3a97394c3b9a5f9d7a7159eb1f17",
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"tags": [
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"patch"
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]
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},
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{
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"url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs/commit/5d3b1b9ec6afd0cfc760c8e12862873789a32fc8",
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"tags": [
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"patch"
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]
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},
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{
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"url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs/pull/561",
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"tags": [
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"patch"
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]
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},
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{
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"url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/626",
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"tags": [
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"issue-tracking"
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]
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}
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],
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"metrics": [
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{
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"format": "CVSS",
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"scenarios": [
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{
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"lang": "en",
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"value": "GENERAL"
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}
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],
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"cvssV3_1": {
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"version": "3.1",
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"attackVector": "NETWORK",
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"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
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"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
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"userInteraction": "NONE",
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"scope": "UNCHANGED",
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"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
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"integrityImpact": "LOW",
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"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
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"baseSeverity": "LOW",
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"baseScore": 3.7,
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"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N"
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}
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},
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{
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"format": "CVSS",
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"scenarios": [
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{
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"lang": "en",
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"value": "GENERAL"
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}
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],
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"cvssV4_0": {
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"attackVector": "NETWORK",
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"attackComplexity": "LOW",
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"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
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"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
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"userInteraction": "NONE",
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"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
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"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
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"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
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"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
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"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
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"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
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"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
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"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
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"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
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"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
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"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
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"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED",
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"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
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"version": "4.0",
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"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
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"baseScore": 6.3,
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"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
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}
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}
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],
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"workarounds": [
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{
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"lang": "en",
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"value": "Leave `allowEmptyArrays` off (the default), or check key names that come from untrusted input against an allowlist before passing the object to `qs.stringify`.",
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"supportingMedia": [
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{
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"type": "text/html",
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"base64": false,
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"value": "<p>Leave `allowEmptyArrays` off (the default), or check key names that come from untrusted input against an allowlist before passing the object to `qs.stringify`.</p>"
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}
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]
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}
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],
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"solutions": [
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{
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"lang": "en",
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"value": "Upgrade to qs 6.17.0 or later, or, on an older release line, to 6.12.6, 6.13.4, 6.14.3, 6.15.4, or 6.16.2.",
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"supportingMedia": [
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{
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"type": "text/html",
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"base64": false,
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"value": "<p>Upgrade to qs 6.17.0 or later, or, on an older release line, to 6.12.6, 6.13.4, 6.14.3, 6.15.4, or 6.16.2.</p>"
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}
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]
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}
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],
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"credits": [
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{
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"lang": "en",
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"value": "DucMinhNe",
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"type": "finder"
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},
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{
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"lang": "en",
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"value": "DucMinhNe",
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"type": "remediation developer"
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},
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{
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"lang": "en",
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"value": "ljharb",
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"type": "remediation reviewer"
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}
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],
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"source": {
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"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
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}
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},
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"adp": [
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{
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"metrics": [
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{
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"other": {
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"type": "ssvc",
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"content": {
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"timestamp": "2026-11-04T14:51:00.550616Z",
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"id": "CVE-2026-110910",
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"options": [
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{
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"Exploitation": "none"
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},
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{
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"Automatable": "no"
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},
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{
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"Technical Impact": "partial"
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}
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],
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"role": "CISA Coordinator",
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"version": "2.0.3"
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}
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}
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}
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],
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"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment",
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"providerMetadata": {
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"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
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"shortName": "CISA-ADP",
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"dateUpdated": "2026-11-04T15:01:07.679Z"
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}
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}
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]
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}
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} |