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vuln-cve/data/2025/68xxx/CVE-2025-68181.json
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{
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"cveMetadata": {
"cveId": "CVE-2025-68181",
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"state": "PUBLISHED",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-16T13:41:40.252Z",
"datePublished": "2025-12-16T13:42:59.600Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:46.996Z"
},
"containers": {
"cna": {
"providerMetadata": {
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:04.239Z"
},
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/radeon: Remove calls to drm_put_dev()\n\nSince the allocation of the drivers main structure was changed to\ndevm_drm_dev_alloc() drm_put_dev()'ing to trigger it to be free'd\nshould be done by devres.\n\nHowever, drm_put_dev() is still in the probe error and device remove\npaths. When the driver fails to probe warnings like the following are\nshown because devres is trying to drm_put_dev() after the driver\nalready did it.\n\n[ 5.642230] radeon 0000:01:05.0: probe with driver radeon failed with error -22\n[ 5.649605] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[ 5.649607] refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\n[ 5.649620] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 357 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xbe/0x110\n\n(cherry picked from commit 3eb8c0b4c091da0a623ade0d3ee7aa4a93df1ea4)"
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"version": "3.1",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable object is the radeon `drm_device`/`radeon_device` reached through local device nodes (`/dev/dri/card*`, `/dev/dri/renderD*`) and local driver bind/unbind/module teardown; there is no network-facing path into radeon_drv.c.\nAC:L - The double `drm_dev_put()` is unconditional on both the probe-error and `.remove` paths — no race to win and no memory layout the attacker cannot influence, and the attacker chooses when to touch the stale fd, giving an unbounded free-to-use window for heap grooming.\nPR:L - radeon declares `DRIVER_RENDER`, so any unprivileged local user can open the world-accessible render node and hold the `drm_dev_get()` reference whose premature release frees the object under their still-open fd, after which their own `ioctl`/`mmap`/`close` drives the use-after-free.\nUI:N - No victim action is needed — the attacker's own open fd plus a routine driver teardown (unbind, module reload, hot-unplug, or shutdown in a VM) is sufficient, and the freed object is then touched by the attacker's own syscalls.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel heap memory within the same security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - The freed `radeon_device` container can be reclaimed by attacker-sprayed data and is then read back through `drm_ioctl()`/`dev->driver` and radeon's ioctl and postclose paths, yielding an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive.\nI:H - `refcount_dec_and_test()` writes into freed memory, and `radeon_driver_postclose_kms()` writes `rdev->hyperz_filp`/`cmask_filp` and manipulates mutexes and VM state in the freed object, giving a write primitive and function-pointer control suitable for privilege escalation.\nA:H - The bug reliably produces a refcount underflow WARN and use-after-free on driver probe failure and on every device removal, causing kernel oops/panic and GPU subsystem failure."
}
]
}
],
"affected": [
{
"product": "Linux",
"vendor": "Linux",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_drv.c"
],
"versions": [
{
"version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123",
"lessThan": "2fa41445d8c98f2a65503c373796466496edc0e7",
"status": "affected",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123",
"lessThan": "ec18f6b2c743cc471b2539ddb5caed20a012e640",
"status": "affected",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123",
"lessThan": "745bae76acdd71709773c129a69deca01036250b",
"status": "affected",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"product": "Linux",
"vendor": "Linux",
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_drv.c"
],
"versions": [
{
"version": "6.12",
"status": "affected"
},
{
"version": "0",
"lessThan": "6.12",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "6.12.58",
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "6.17.8",
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "6.18",
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"operator": "OR",
"negate": false,
"cpeMatch": [
{
"vulnerable": true,
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.12",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.58"
},
{
"vulnerable": true,
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.12",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.17.8"
},
{
"vulnerable": true,
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.12",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.18"
}
]
}
]
}
],
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2fa41445d8c98f2a65503c373796466496edc0e7"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec18f6b2c743cc471b2539ddb5caed20a012e640"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/745bae76acdd71709773c129a69deca01036250b"
}
],
"title": "drm/radeon: Remove calls to drm_put_dev()",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
},
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"type": "ssvc",
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-68181",
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"version": "2.0.3",
"timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:59:49.394816Z"
}
}
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment",
"providerMetadata": {
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:46.996Z"
}
}
]
}
}