222 lines
13 KiB
JSON
222 lines
13 KiB
JSON
{
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"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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"dataVersion": "5.2",
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"cveMetadata": {
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"cveId": "CVE-2025-40245",
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"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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"state": "PUBLISHED",
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"assignerShortName": "Linux",
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"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.181Z",
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"datePublished": "2025-12-04T15:31:34.142Z",
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"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:49.485Z"
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},
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"containers": {
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"cna": {
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"providerMetadata": {
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"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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"shortName": "Linux",
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"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:49.485Z"
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},
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"descriptions": [
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{
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"lang": "en",
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnios2: ensure that memblock.current_limit is set when setting pfn limits\n\nOn nios2, with CONFIG_FLATMEM set, the kernel relies on\nmemblock_get_current_limit() to determine the limits of mem_map, in\nparticular for max_low_pfn.\nUnfortunately, memblock.current_limit is only default initialized to\nMEMBLOCK_ALLOC_ANYWHERE at this point of the bootup, potentially leading\nto situations where max_low_pfn can erroneously exceed the value of\nmax_pfn and, thus, the valid range of available DRAM.\n\nThis can in turn cause kernel-level paging failures, e.g.:\n\n[ 76.900000] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 20303000\n[ 76.900000] ea = c0080890, ra = c000462c, cause = 14\n[ 76.900000] Kernel panic - not syncing: Oops\n[ 76.900000] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: Oops ]---\n\nThis patch fixes this by pre-calculating memblock.current_limit\nbased on the upper limits of the available memory ranges via\nadjust_lowmem_bounds, a simplified version of the equivalent\nimplementation within the arm architecture."
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}
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],
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"metrics": [
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{
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"cvssV3_1": {
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"version": "3.1",
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"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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"baseScore": 7.8,
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"baseSeverity": "HIGH"
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},
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"scenarios": [
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{
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"lang": "en",
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"value": "AV:L - The defect is in nios2 `setup_arch()` boot-time memory initialization, and its consequences are realized through local activity — memory allocation and `mmap()`/page-fault paths that call `pfn_valid()`/`pfn_to_page()`. There is no network or remote-peer path to arch/nios2/kernel/setup.c.\nAC:L - `memblock.current_limit` is never set before `find_limits()`, so `max_low_pfn`/`max_mapnr` are unconditionally inflated to ~4 GB of PFNs on every affected nios2 system — the vulnerable state always exists, with no race and no memory-layout luck required. The attacker only needs to map or touch a physical region above DRAM, which is under their control on these FPGA SoCs where peripheral/on-chip-memory windows sit above RAM.\nPR:L - No capability check guards any of it — an ordinary unprivileged process reaching `update_mmu_cache_range()`/`flush_dcache_page()` through a fault on a device or PFNMAP mapping, or simply driving allocation into the bogus PFN range, is sufficient. Embedded nios2 deployments routinely expose UIO/framebuffer device nodes to non-root users.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step themselves — map the region, touch it, let the fault path run. No action by another user or administrator is needed.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds accesses stay within the kernel's own memory and security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `pfn_valid()` wrongly approves PFNs with no memmap entry, so `pfn_to_page()` returns a pointer up to tens of megabytes past the end of `mem_map`, and `folio_flush_mapping()`/`flush_aliases()` read and follow that out-of-bounds kernel data as an `address_space`. This is a wide, PFN-indexed out-of-bounds read, far beyond a strictly bounded few bytes.\nI:H - `update_mmu_cache_range()` performs `test_and_set_bit(PG_dcache_clean, &folio->flags.f)` on the out-of-bounds `struct page`, an attacker-positioned out-of-bounds atomic write into arbitrary kernel memory, and then walks a garbage `address_space`/i_mmap tree. Per the OOB-write guidance this is High.\nA:H - The documented, reproduced impact is a fatal kernel paging fault and panic (\"Unable to handle kernel paging request ... Kernel panic - not syncing: Oops\"), and the corrupted low-memory limits can equally cause the allocator and DMA logic to operate on non-existent DRAM. The condition is triggerable repeatedly at will."
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}
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]
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}
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],
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"affected": [
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{
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"product": "Linux",
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"vendor": "Linux",
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"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
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"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
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"programFiles": [
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"arch/nios2/kernel/setup.c"
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],
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"versions": [
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{
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"version": "7f7bc20bc41a4fbcd2db75b375ac95e5faf958ae",
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"lessThan": "25f09699edd360b534ccae16bc276c3b52c471f3",
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"status": "affected",
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"status": "affected",
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"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
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"programFiles": [
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"arch/nios2/kernel/setup.c"
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],
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"versions": [
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{
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"version": "5.12",
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"status": "affected"
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},
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{
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"version": "0",
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"lessThan": "5.12",
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"status": "unaffected",
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"versionType": "semver"
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},
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{
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"version": "5.15.196",
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"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
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"status": "unaffected",
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"versionType": "semver"
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},
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{
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"version": "6.1.158",
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"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
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"status": "unaffected",
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"versionType": "semver"
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},
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{
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"version": "6.6.115",
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"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
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"status": "unaffected",
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},
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{
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"version": "6.12.56",
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"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
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"status": "unaffected",
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},
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{
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"version": "6.17.6",
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"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
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"status": "unaffected",
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},
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{
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"version": "6.18",
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"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
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"status": "unaffected",
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}
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],
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"title": "nios2: ensure that memblock.current_limit is set when setting pfn limits",
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