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vuln-cve/data/2025/39xxx/CVE-2025-39978.json
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{
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"cveMetadata": {
"cveId": "CVE-2025-39978",
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"state": "PUBLISHED",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.150Z",
"datePublished": "2025-10-15T07:55:58.949Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-11-10T12:37:26.359Z"
},
"containers": {
"cna": {
"providerMetadata": {
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:06:47.202Z"
},
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nocteontx2-pf: Fix potential use after free in otx2_tc_add_flow()\n\nThis code calls kfree_rcu(new_node, rcu) and then dereferences \"new_node\"\nand then dereferences it on the next line. Two lines later, we take\na mutex so I don't think this is an RCU safe region. Re-order it to do\nthe dereferences before queuing up the free."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"version": "3.1",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached only through a local `RTM_NEWTFILTER` netlink message installing a tc flower filter with a police action on an octeontx2 PF/VF/representor netdev. There is no remote packet-processing path into `otx2_tc_add_flow()`.\nAC:L - The attacker deterministically forces the `free_leaf:` error path by installing police-action flower rules until MCAM/mbox resources are exhausted, and widens the RCU grace-period window at will by contending `nic->mbox.lock` from a second thread so `mutex_lock()` sleeps. Both the free and the reclaim/spray side are under attacker control.\nPR:L - Only CAP_NET_ADMIN over the netns owning the device is needed, and `otx2_setup_tc` is shared by the VF (`otx2_vf.c:535`) and representor (`rep.c:495`) drivers, whose netdevs are commonly delegated into container netns owned by unprivileged user namespaces where container-root holds CAP_NET_ADMIN with no init-namespace privilege.\nUI:N - The entire sequence is driven by the attacker's own netlink filter-install requests. No victim action or cooperation is involved.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel heap and driver state within the same kernel security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The freed `struct otx2_tc_flow` is read back after reclaim, giving a read primitive over whatever slab object replaced it, and the stale `rq`/`leaf_profile` values are further exposed to userspace through `netdev_err()` kernel-log messages.\nI:H - `__clear_bit(new_node->rq, &nic->rq_bmap)` uses a UAF-derived u16 index against a single `unsigned long`, yielding an out-of-bounds bit clear up to ~8 KB into and past `struct otx2_nic` (mbox state, queue and function pointers), and the stale `leaf_profile` makes firmware tear down another flow's hardware policer, silently defeating QoS/rate-limit enforcement.\nA:H - A use-after-free on a slab object combined with an out-of-bounds bit clear into the driver's private structure reliably oopses the kernel or wedges the NIC's mailbox/queue state, and the attacker can repeat it at will."
}
]
}
],
"affected": [
{
"product": "Linux",
"vendor": "Linux",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/octeontx2/nic/otx2_tc.c"
],
"versions": [
{
"version": "68fbff68dbea35f9e6f7649dd22fce492a5aedac",
"lessThan": "5723120423a753a220b8b2954b273838b9d7e74a",
"status": "affected",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"version": "68fbff68dbea35f9e6f7649dd22fce492a5aedac",
"lessThan": "df2c071061ed52d2225d97b212d27ecedf456b8a",
"status": "affected",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"version": "68fbff68dbea35f9e6f7649dd22fce492a5aedac",
"lessThan": "c41b2941a024d4ec7c768e16ffb10a74b188fced",
"status": "affected",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"version": "68fbff68dbea35f9e6f7649dd22fce492a5aedac",
"lessThan": "a8a63f27c3a8a3714210d32b12fd0f16d0337414",
"status": "affected",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"version": "68fbff68dbea35f9e6f7649dd22fce492a5aedac",
"lessThan": "d9c70e93ec5988ab07ad2a92d9f9d12867f02c56",
"status": "affected",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"product": "Linux",
"vendor": "Linux",
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/octeontx2/nic/otx2_tc.c"
],
"versions": [
{
"version": "5.14",
"status": "affected"
},
{
"version": "0",
"lessThan": "5.14",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "6.1.155",
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "6.6.109",
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "6.12.50",
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "6.16.10",
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "6.17",
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"operator": "OR",
"negate": false,
"cpeMatch": [
{
"vulnerable": true,
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.14",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.155"
},
{
"vulnerable": true,
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.14",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.109"
},
{
"vulnerable": true,
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.14",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.50"
},
{
"vulnerable": true,
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.14",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.16.10"
},
{
"vulnerable": true,
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.14",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.17"
}
]
}
]
}
],
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5723120423a753a220b8b2954b273838b9d7e74a"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/df2c071061ed52d2225d97b212d27ecedf456b8a"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c41b2941a024d4ec7c768e16ffb10a74b188fced"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a8a63f27c3a8a3714210d32b12fd0f16d0337414"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d9c70e93ec5988ab07ad2a92d9f9d12867f02c56"
}
],
"title": "octeontx2-pf: Fix potential use after free in otx2_tc_add_flow()",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
},
"adp": [
{
"x_adpType": "supplier",
"providerMetadata": {
"orgId": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e",
"shortName": "siemens-SADP",
"dateUpdated": "2026-11-10T12:37:26.359Z"
},
"affected": [
{
"vendor": "Siemens",
"product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AB0)",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "V3.1.6",
"lessThan": "*",
"versionType": "custom"
}
],
"defaultStatus": "unknown"
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{
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"product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AB0)",
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{
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{
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"references": [
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{
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}
]
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"type": "ssvc",
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-39978",
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"version": "2.0.3",
"timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:55:41.623412Z"
}
}
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment",
"providerMetadata": {
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:35.234Z"
}
}
]
}
}
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