280 lines
16 KiB
JSON
280 lines
16 KiB
JSON
{
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"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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"dataVersion": "5.2",
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"cveMetadata": {
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"cveId": "CVE-2025-39961",
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"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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"state": "PUBLISHED",
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"assignerShortName": "Linux",
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"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.149Z",
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"datePublished": "2025-10-09T12:13:22.029Z",
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"dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:34.065Z"
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},
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"containers": {
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"cna": {
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"providerMetadata": {
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"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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"shortName": "Linux",
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"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:06:29.974Z"
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},
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"descriptions": [
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{
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"lang": "en",
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\niommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level\n\nThe AMD IOMMU host page table implementation supports dynamic page table levels\n(up to 6 levels), starting with a 3-level configuration that expands based on\nIOVA address. The kernel maintains a root pointer and current page table level\nto enable proper page table walks in alloc_pte()/fetch_pte() operations.\n\nThe IOMMU IOVA allocator initially starts with 32-bit address and onces its\nexhuasted it switches to 64-bit address (max address is determined based\non IOMMU and device DMA capability). To support larger IOVA, AMD IOMMU\ndriver increases page table level.\n\nBut in unmap path (iommu_v1_unmap_pages()), fetch_pte() reads\npgtable->[root/mode] without lock. So its possible that in exteme corner case,\nwhen increase_address_space() is updating pgtable->[root/mode], fetch_pte()\nreads wrong page table level (pgtable->mode). It does compare the value with\nlevel encoded in page table and returns NULL. This will result is\niommu_unmap ops to fail and upper layer may retry/log WARN_ON.\n\nCPU 0 CPU 1\n------ ------\nmap pages unmap pages\nalloc_pte() -> increase_address_space() iommu_v1_unmap_pages() -> fetch_pte()\n pgtable->root = pte (new root value)\n READ pgtable->[mode/root]\n\t\t\t\t\t Reads new root, old mode\n Updates mode (pgtable->mode += 1)\n\nSince Page table level updates are infrequent and already synchronized with a\nspinlock, implement seqcount to enable lock-free read operations on the read path."
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}
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],
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"metrics": [
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{
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"cvssV3_1": {
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"version": "3.1",
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"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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"baseScore": 8.8,
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"baseSeverity": "HIGH"
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},
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"scenarios": [
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{
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"lang": "en",
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"value": "AV:L - The race is reached through local DMA-mapping activity — either VFIO/iommufd map/unmap ioctls or ordinary syscall-driven I/O that exercises dma_map/dma_unmap on a device behind the AMD IOMMU. No network protocol handler processes remote data on this path.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: one thread issues a high-IOVA map that forces increase_address_space() while other threads issue concurrent unmaps on the same domain, and the attempt can be repeated indefinitely because each newly created protection_domain restarts at PAGE_MODE_3_LEVEL. No condition depends on state outside the attacker's influence, and CONFIG_AMD_IOMMU with v1 host page tables is the default on all AMD x86_64 systems.\nPR:L - An unprivileged local user can drive the concurrent map/unmap traffic that exhausts the 32-bit IOVA space and triggers the page-table level increase; in device-assignment deployments the VFIO/iommufd ioctl path is exercised by an unprivileged QEMU process. No root or capability in the init namespace is required.\nUI:N - The race is triggered entirely by the attacker's own concurrent DMA map/unmap operations. No victim action is needed.\nS:C - A silently-failed iommu_v1_unmap_pages() leaves a live IOMMU translation after __iommu_dma_unmap() frees the IOVA and the driver recycles the buffer, so a DMA-capable device — including a guest-controlled assigned device — retains read/write access to host physical memory it must no longer reach. This is an IOMMU/DMA containment bypass that crosses out of the kernel's own security authority.\nC:H - The stale mapping lets the device read physical pages that have been returned to the allocator and refilled with arbitrary kernel or other-tenant data, giving an unbounded read primitive over reused memory; the torn read in alloc_pte() can additionally alias a mapping onto another buffer in the domain.\nI:H - The same stale or mis-installed translation is writable, so the device can DMA arbitrary attacker-chosen data into freed-and-reused kernel memory, yielding a write primitive suitable for control-flow hijacking. The corruption is invisible to the kernel because the unmap was reported as complete.\nA:H - The failed unmap immediately produces WARN_ON splats in __iommu_dma_unmap()/iommu_unmap_nofail() (a panic with panic_on_warn), and the resulting DMA into recycled memory or the mis-built page-table subtree causes IO page faults, page-table page leaks, and kernel crashes."
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}
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]
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}
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],
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"affected": [
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{
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"product": "Linux",
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"vendor": "Linux",
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"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
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"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
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"programFiles": [
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"drivers/iommu/amd/amd_iommu_types.h",
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"drivers/iommu/amd/io_pgtable.c"
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],
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"versions": [
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"lessThan": "075abf0b1a958acfbea2435003d228e738e90346",
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"status": "affected",
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"lessThan": "cd92c8ab336c3a633d46e6f35ebcd3509ae7db3b",
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"version": "b15bf74405faa1a65025eb8a6eb337e140e5250a",
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},
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"version": "0d50f7b1e8c80a8c20db5049e269468c059b0378",
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"status": "affected",
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"versionType": "git"
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},
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{
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"version": "785ca708a908b9c596ede852470ba28b8dc3e40b",
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"status": "affected",
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"versionType": "git"
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},
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{
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"version": "4.9.194",
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"lessThan": "4.10",
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"status": "affected",
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"versionType": "semver"
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},
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{
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"version": "4.14.146",
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"lessThan": "4.15",
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"status": "affected",
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"versionType": "semver"
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},
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{
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"version": "4.19.75",
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"lessThan": "4.20",
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"status": "affected",
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"versionType": "semver"
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},
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{
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"version": "5.2.17",
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"lessThan": "5.3",
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"status": "affected",
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"versionType": "semver"
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}
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]
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},
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{
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"defaultStatus": "affected",
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"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
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"programFiles": [
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"drivers/iommu/amd/amd_iommu_types.h",
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"drivers/iommu/amd/io_pgtable.c"
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],
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"versions": [
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{
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"version": "5.3",
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"version": "0",
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"lessThan": "5.3",
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},
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{
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"version": "6.6.108",
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"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
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"status": "unaffected",
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},
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{
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"version": "6.12.49",
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"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
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"status": "unaffected",
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"versionType": "semver"
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},
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{
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"version": "6.16.9",
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"lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
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"status": "unaffected",
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"versionType": "semver"
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},
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{
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"version": "6.17",
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"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
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"status": "unaffected",
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"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
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}
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]
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}
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"references": [
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},
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{
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cd92c8ab336c3a633d46e6f35ebcd3509ae7db3b"
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d462bdecb7d9c32934dab44aaeb7ea7d73a27a2"
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1e56310b40fd2e7e0b9493da9ff488af145bdd0c"
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}
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],
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"title": "iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level",
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"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
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}
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"adp": [
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{
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"other": {
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"type": "ssvc",
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"content": {
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"id": "CVE-2025-39961",
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"role": "CISA Coordinator",
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"options": [
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{
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"Exploitation": "none"
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},
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{
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"Automatable": "no"
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},
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{
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"Technical Impact": "total"
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}
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],
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"version": "2.0.3",
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"timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:55:10.295299Z"
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}
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}
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}
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],
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"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment",
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"providerMetadata": {
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"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
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"shortName": "CISA-ADP",
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"dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:34.065Z"
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}
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}
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]
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}
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} |