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vuln-cve/data/2025/39xxx/CVE-2025-39866.json
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{
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"cveMetadata": {
"cveId": "CVE-2025-39866",
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"state": "PUBLISHED",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.143Z",
"datePublished": "2025-09-19T15:26:35.725Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-11-10T12:37:12.814Z"
},
"containers": {
"cna": {
"providerMetadata": {
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:05:45.584Z"
},
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfs: writeback: fix use-after-free in __mark_inode_dirty()\n\nAn use-after-free issue occurred when __mark_inode_dirty() get the\nbdi_writeback that was in the progress of switching.\n\nCPU: 1 PID: 562 Comm: systemd-random- Not tainted 6.6.56-gb4403bd46a8e #1\n......\npstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\npc : __mark_inode_dirty+0x124/0x418\nlr : __mark_inode_dirty+0x118/0x418\nsp : ffffffc08c9dbbc0\n........\nCall trace:\n __mark_inode_dirty+0x124/0x418\n generic_update_time+0x4c/0x60\n file_modified+0xcc/0xd0\n ext4_buffered_write_iter+0x58/0x124\n ext4_file_write_iter+0x54/0x704\n vfs_write+0x1c0/0x308\n ksys_write+0x74/0x10c\n __arm64_sys_write+0x1c/0x28\n invoke_syscall+0x48/0x114\n el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0xc0/0xe0\n do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28\n el0_svc+0x40/0xe4\n el0t_64_sync_handler+0x120/0x12c\n el0t_64_sync+0x194/0x198\n\nRoot cause is:\n\nsystemd-random-seed kworker\n----------------------------------------------------------------------\n___mark_inode_dirty inode_switch_wbs_work_fn\n\n spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);\n inode_attach_wb\n locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list\n get inode->i_wb\n spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);\n spin_lock(&wb->list_lock)\n spin_lock(&inode->i_lock)\n inode_io_list_move_locked\n spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock)\n spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock)\n spin_lock(&old_wb->list_lock)\n inode_do_switch_wbs\n spin_lock(&inode->i_lock)\n inode->i_wb = new_wb\n spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock)\n spin_unlock(&old_wb->list_lock)\n wb_put_many(old_wb, nr_switched)\n cgwb_release\n old wb released\n wb_wakeup_delayed() accesses wb,\n then trigger the use-after-free\n issue\n\nFix this race condition by holding inode spinlock until\nwb_wakeup_delayed() finished."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"version": "3.1",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached from an ordinary write(2) syscall (vfs_write → ext4_buffered_write_iter → file_modified → generic_update_time → __mark_inode_dirty), and the competing side requires local cgroup/writeback activity. No network protocol handler is involved.\nAC:L - The attacker drives both sides of the race — a multi-threaded write() loop dirties the inode while the attacker forces cgroup writeback switches by dirtying the file from a second memcg and tearing that cgroup down, making the old wb's last reference drop. Attempts are unlimited and the bug was observed occurring spontaneously during normal boot, and CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK is default-y on all mainstream kernels.\nPR:L - Only an unprivileged local account with write access to a file on a writeback-capable filesystem (ext4/xfs home or /tmp) is needed; cgroup manipulation used to widen the race is available to ordinary users through systemd's delegated per-user cgroup subtree.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers everything itself through its own write() syscalls and cgroup activity; no victim action or interaction is required.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel heap memory within the same kernel security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - The freed bdi_writeback is dereferenced as `wb->bdi->capabilities`, so a re-sprayed object yields an attacker-controlled pointer dereference and an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive, enabling disclosure of arbitrary kernel data.\nI:H - wb_wakeup_delayed() writes into the freed object (spin_lock_irq on wb->work_lock) and inserts the freed `wb->dwork` timer into the timer wheel, giving list-write primitives and an attacker-controlled `timer->function` — a direct control-flow hijack path to arbitrary kernel code execution.\nA:H - The use-after-free reliably produces a kernel oops/panic as reported in the original crash trace (__mark_inode_dirty+0x124), and can be triggered repeatedly to crash the system."
}
]
}
],
"affected": [
{
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"vendor": "Linux",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
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{
"product": "Linux",
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"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"programFiles": [
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],
"versions": [
{
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{
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{
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{
"version": "5.15.192",
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{
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"cpeApplicability": [
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"nodes": [
{
"operator": "OR",
"negate": false,
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2a14bbae5d8bacaa301362744a110e2be40a3a3"
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b187c976111960e6e54a6b1fff724f6e3d39406c"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d02d2c98d25793902f65803ab853b592c7a96b29"
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"title": "fs: writeback: fix use-after-free in __mark_inode_dirty()",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
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"adp": [
{
"title": "CVE Program Container",
"references": [
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"providerMetadata": {
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"dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:44:17.299Z"
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"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"options": [
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},
{
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{
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}
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}
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