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vuln-cve/data/2025/37xxx/CVE-2025-37797.json
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{
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"cveMetadata": {
"cveId": "CVE-2025-37797",
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"state": "PUBLISHED",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.941Z",
"datePublished": "2025-05-02T14:16:01.905Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:57:36.042Z"
},
"containers": {
"cna": {
"providerMetadata": {
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:57:36.042Z"
},
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet_sched: hfsc: Fix a UAF vulnerability in class handling\n\nThis patch fixes a Use-After-Free vulnerability in the HFSC qdisc class\nhandling. The issue occurs due to a time-of-check/time-of-use condition\nin hfsc_change_class() when working with certain child qdiscs like netem\nor codel.\n\nThe vulnerability works as follows:\n1. hfsc_change_class() checks if a class has packets (q.qlen != 0)\n2. It then calls qdisc_peek_len(), which for certain qdiscs (e.g.,\n codel, netem) might drop packets and empty the queue\n3. The code continues assuming the queue is still non-empty, adding\n the class to vttree\n4. This breaks HFSC scheduler assumptions that only non-empty classes\n are in vttree\n5. Later, when the class is destroyed, this can lead to a Use-After-Free\n\nThe fix adds a second queue length check after qdisc_peek_len() to verify\nthe queue wasn't emptied."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"version": "3.1",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The entire attack sequence (create hfsc qdisc, attach a codel/netem child, `tc class change`, then `tc class del`) is driven through rtnetlink RTM_NEWTCLASS/RTM_DELTCLASS messages, which require local system access. Per kernel CNA guidance, tc/netlink qdisc bugs are Local.\nAC:L - This is a deterministic time-of-check/time-of-use flaw inside a single netlink operation, not a thread race — the attacker picks the child qdisc (codel/netem) and its parameters so the peek is guaranteed to drop the packet and empty the queue. No condition outside the attacker's control is involved, and a reliable reproducer existed.\nPR:L - The tc class paths only check `netlink_ns_capable(skb, net->user_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, which an unprivileged user satisfies inside a new user+net namespace (`unshare -Urn`), where they can create a dummy/veth device, build the hfsc hierarchy and generate the traffic. Per guidance, tc/qdisc reachable via user namespaces is Low, not High.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step — qdisc/class configuration, packet generation, class change and class deletion — with no action by any other user. Subsequent dequeue on the attacker's own device triggers the freed-object access.\nS:U - The corruption and its consequences are confined to the kernel's own memory and privilege domain; there is no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or other security-authority boundary. Standard kernel-local privilege escalation is Unchanged.\nC:H - The freed `hfsc_class` remains linked in the parent's vt_tree/eltree, so `vttree_firstfit()`/`eltree_get_mindl()` read `cl_f`, `cl_vt`, `cl_parent` and `cl->qdisc` out of reclaimed slab memory, giving an attacker who sprays the slot a controlled read primitive and kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The dangling rb_node yields `rb_erase()`/`rb_insert_color()` pointer writes plus the direct `cl->cl_parent->cl_cvtmin = cl->cl_vt` write through freed memory, and `qdisc_dequeue_peeked()` makes an indirect call through `cl->qdisc->ops->dequeue` read from the freed object — a full write/control-flow-hijack primitive for privilege escalation.\nA:H - Even without successful exploitation, traversing and erasing rb-tree nodes inside a kfree()d `hfsc_class` reliably corrupts the scheduler tree and panics or oopses the kernel, and the attacker can repeat it at will."
}
]
}
],
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{
"product": "Linux",
"vendor": "Linux",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"programFiles": [
"net/sched/sch_hfsc.c"
],
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"lessThan": "28b09a067831f7317c3841812276022d6c940677",
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{
"product": "Linux",
"vendor": "Linux",
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"programFiles": [
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],
"versions": [
{
"version": "4.14",
"status": "affected"
},
{
"version": "0",
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"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "5.4.293",
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
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{
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{
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"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
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"negate": false,
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"references": [
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/28b09a067831f7317c3841812276022d6c940677"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39b9095dd3b55d9b2743df038c32138efa34a9de"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fcc8ede663569c704fb00a702973bd6c00373283"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20d584a33e480ae80d105f43e0e7b56784da41b9"
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3aa852e3605000d5c47035c3fc3a986d14ccfa9f"
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},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb583c88d23b72d8d16453d24856c99bd93dadf5"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3df275ef0a6ae181e8428a6589ef5d5231e58b5c"
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],
"title": "net_sched: hfsc: Fix a UAF vulnerability in class handling",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
},
"adp": [
{
"title": "CVE Program Container",
"references": [
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html"
},
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html"
}
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"providerMetadata": {
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"shortName": "CVE",
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:55:28.428Z"
}
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"type": "ssvc",
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-37797",
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"version": "2.0.3",
"timestamp": "2026-06-10T20:40:32.363946Z"
}
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],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment",
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"dateUpdated": "2026-06-11T18:44:02.667Z"
}
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]
}
}
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