342 lines
20 KiB
JSON
342 lines
20 KiB
JSON
{
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"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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"dataVersion": "5.2",
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"cveMetadata": {
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"cveId": "CVE-2025-21722",
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"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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"state": "PUBLISHED",
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"assignerShortName": "Linux",
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"dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.753Z",
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"datePublished": "2025-02-27T02:07:30.387Z",
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"dateUpdated": "2026-10-21T12:35:56.141Z"
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},
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"containers": {
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"cna": {
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"providerMetadata": {
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"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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"shortName": "Linux",
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"dateUpdated": "2026-10-21T12:35:56.141Z"
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},
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"descriptions": [
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{
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"lang": "en",
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnilfs2: do not force clear folio if buffer is referenced\n\nPatch series \"nilfs2: protect busy buffer heads from being force-cleared\".\n\nThis series fixes the buffer head state inconsistency issues reported by\nsyzbot that occurs when the filesystem is corrupted and falls back to\nread-only, and the associated buffer head use-after-free issue.\n\n\nThis patch (of 2):\n\nSyzbot has reported that after nilfs2 detects filesystem corruption and\nfalls back to read-only, inconsistencies in the buffer state may occur.\n\nOne of the inconsistencies is that when nilfs2 calls mark_buffer_dirty()\nto set a data or metadata buffer as dirty, but it detects that the buffer\nis not in the uptodate state:\n\n WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 6049 at fs/buffer.c:1177 mark_buffer_dirty+0x2e5/0x520\n fs/buffer.c:1177\n ...\n Call Trace:\n <TASK>\n nilfs_palloc_commit_alloc_entry+0x4b/0x160 fs/nilfs2/alloc.c:598\n nilfs_ifile_create_inode+0x1dd/0x3a0 fs/nilfs2/ifile.c:73\n nilfs_new_inode+0x254/0x830 fs/nilfs2/inode.c:344\n nilfs_mkdir+0x10d/0x340 fs/nilfs2/namei.c:218\n vfs_mkdir+0x2f9/0x4f0 fs/namei.c:4257\n do_mkdirat+0x264/0x3a0 fs/namei.c:4280\n __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4295 [inline]\n __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4293 [inline]\n __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x87/0xa0 fs/namei.c:4293\n do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]\n do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\n\nThe other is when nilfs_btree_propagate(), which propagates the dirty\nstate to the ancestor nodes of a b-tree that point to a dirty buffer,\ndetects that the origin buffer is not dirty, even though it should be:\n\n WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 5245 at fs/nilfs2/btree.c:2089\n nilfs_btree_propagate+0xc79/0xdf0 fs/nilfs2/btree.c:2089\n ...\n Call Trace:\n <TASK>\n nilfs_bmap_propagate+0x75/0x120 fs/nilfs2/bmap.c:345\n nilfs_collect_file_data+0x4d/0xd0 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:587\n nilfs_segctor_apply_buffers+0x184/0x340 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:1006\n nilfs_segctor_scan_file+0x28c/0xa50 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:1045\n nilfs_segctor_collect_blocks fs/nilfs2/segment.c:1216 [inline]\n nilfs_segctor_collect fs/nilfs2/segment.c:1540 [inline]\n nilfs_segctor_do_construct+0x1c28/0x6b90 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2115\n nilfs_segctor_construct+0x181/0x6b0 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2479\n nilfs_segctor_thread_construct fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2587 [inline]\n nilfs_segctor_thread+0x69e/0xe80 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2701\n kthread+0x2f0/0x390 kernel/kthread.c:389\n ret_from_fork+0x4b/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147\n ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244\n </TASK>\n\nBoth of these issues are caused by the callbacks that handle the\npage/folio write requests, forcibly clear various states, including the\nworking state of the buffers they hold, at unexpected times when they\ndetect read-only fallback.\n\nFix these issues by checking if the buffer is referenced before clearing\nthe page/folio state, and skipping the clear if it is."
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}
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],
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"metrics": [
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{
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"cvssV3_1": {
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"version": "3.1",
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"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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"baseScore": 7.8,
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"baseSeverity": "HIGH"
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},
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"scenarios": [
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{
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"lang": "en",
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"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached only through local VFS activity on a mounted nilfs2 volume — write/mkdir/fsync/sync syscalls plus kernel writeback on that mount. There is no network consumer of fs/nilfs2/page.c.\nAC:L - The attacker supplies the corrupted image that makes the read-only fallback deterministic, and drives both sides of the race themselves (sync/fsync or memory pressure to force writeback, concurrently with a mkdir/write loop holding buffer references); syzbot reproduced it reliably and the fix carries a Tested-by.\nPR:L - Once the volume is mounted — automounted removable media, a shared multi-user nilfs2 mount, or a loop image — an ordinary unprivileged user reaches the force-clear through plain VFS syscalls, with no capability check anywhere on the path to nilfs_clear_folio_dirty().\nUI:N - With the filesystem already mounted (udisks2 automount or an existing shared mount), the attacker triggers corruption detection, writeback, and the concurrent buffer access entirely on their own; no victim action is required.\nS:U - The corruption occurs in kernel buffer-head and page-cache structures on the same host under the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Clearing BH_Dirty removes the buffer_busy() protection so try_to_free_buffers() frees the bh ring while nilfs_lookup_dirty_node_buffers() is still dereferencing it, giving a use-after-free read of reallocated slab contents; force-clearing BH_Uptodate/folio uptodate additionally lets stale page-cache data be treated as valid.\nI:H - The same UAF window has the segment constructor perform get_bh() and list_add_tail() into freed buffer_head memory — an attacker-groomable write primitive — and the force-clear silently discards in-flight ifile/DAT metadata updates and drops block mappings, corrupting on-disk filesystem state.\nA:H - The bug produces kernel WARNs in mark_buffer_dirty() and nilfs_btree_propagate() (panic with panic_on_warn), oopses from the use-after-free, and leaves the segment-constructor kthread walking a corrupted buffer list, hanging all further filesystem activity."
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}
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]
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}
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],
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"affected": [
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{
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"product": "Linux",
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"vendor": "Linux",
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"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
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"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
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"programFiles": [
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"fs/nilfs2/page.c"
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"fs/nilfs2/page.c"
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},
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"version": "6.12.13",
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"status": "unaffected",
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},
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{
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"version": "6.13.2",
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"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
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"status": "unaffected",
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"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
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}
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],
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"title": "nilfs2: do not force clear folio if buffer is referenced",
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"metrics": [
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"cvssV3_1": {
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"scope": "UNCHANGED",
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"version": "3.1",
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"baseScore": 7.8,
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"attackVector": "LOCAL",
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}
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"content": {
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"id": "CVE-2025-21722",
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"role": "CISA Coordinator",
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"options": [
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{
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},
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"Technical Impact": "total"
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}
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],
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"version": "2.0.3",
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"timestamp": "2025-02-27T18:14:37.739187Z"
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}
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"lang": "en",
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"type": "CWE",
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"cweId": "CWE-416",
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"description": "CWE-416 Use After Free"
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}
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]
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}
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],
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"dateUpdated": "2025-02-27T18:22:30.078Z"
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}
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},
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{
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"title": "CVE Program Container",
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"references": [
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{
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"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html"
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} |