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vuln-cve/data/2025/21xxx/CVE-2025-21687.json
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{
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"cveMetadata": {
"cveId": "CVE-2025-21687",
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"state": "PUBLISHED",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.741Z",
"datePublished": "2025-02-10T15:58:43.944Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:53:37.668Z"
},
"containers": {
"cna": {
"providerMetadata": {
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:53:37.668Z"
},
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvfio/platform: check the bounds of read/write syscalls\n\ncount and offset are passed from user space and not checked, only\noffset is capped to 40 bits, which can be used to read/write out of\nbounds of the device."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"version": "3.1",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is triggered via read()/write()/pread()/pwrite() syscalls on a VFIO device file descriptor (/dev/vfio/<group> or /dev/vfio/devices/vfioN), requiring local access to the system. There is no network-facing path to vfio_platform_read/write.\nAC:L - The attacker directly and deterministically controls both the file offset (40 bits, unchecked against reg->size) and the byte count, so a single pwrite()/pread() reliably performs an out-of-bounds MMIO access at any chosen offset with no race, timing, or uncontrolled precondition.\nPR:L - Only an open fd on the VFIO device is needed; the IOMMU-backed VFIO path enforces no capability check (CAP_SYS_RAWIO is required only for the no-iommu mode), and VFIO is expressly designed to grant unprivileged users device access via file permissions. Handing the device node to a non-root user (QEMU, userspace drivers) is the normal deployment.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire attack by issuing syscalls on a descriptor it opens itself; no victim action, configuration change, or interaction with another user is required.\nS:U - The vulnerable component and the impacted component are both the Linux kernel — the out-of-bounds accesses land in kernel virtual address space managed by the same security authority. This is standard local kernel compromise, not a guest-to-host or IOMMU-crossing escape.\nC:H - ioread8/16/32 at an attacker-chosen offset up to 1 TiB past the ioremapped device window, with the value copied directly to userspace via copy_to_user, yields arbitrary kernel memory disclosure across the entire vmalloc/ioremap range (kernel stacks, vmalloc'd structures, other devices' MMIO).\nI:H - iowrite8/16/32 writes fully attacker-controlled data at an attacker-chosen kernel virtual address in the same 1 TiB window, giving an arbitrary kernel write that can corrupt VMAP_STACK kernel stacks, BPF JIT pages, and other drivers' registers (including SMMU control registers) — a direct path to code execution and privilege escalation.\nA:H - Accessing an unmapped virtual address in the out-of-bounds window causes a kernel data abort/oops or panic, and writes into unrelated devices' MMIO registers can wedge or hang the machine; this is trivially and repeatedly triggerable."
}
]
}
],
"affected": [
{
"product": "Linux",
"vendor": "Linux",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/vfio/platform/vfio_platform_common.c"
],
"versions": [
{
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"lessThan": "f21636f24b6786c8b13f1af4319fa75ffcf17f38",
"status": "affected",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
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},
{
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"lessThan": "d19a8650fd3d7aed8d1af1d9a77f979a8430eba1",
"status": "affected",
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},
{
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"lessThan": "ed81d82bb6e9df3a137f2c343ed689e6c68268ef",
"status": "affected",
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{
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},
{
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{
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"status": "affected",
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{
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"lessThan": "1485932496a1b025235af8aa1e21988d6b7ccd54",
"status": "affected",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"lessThan": "c981c32c38af80737a2fedc16e270546d139ccdd",
"status": "affected",
"versionType": "git"
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{
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"lessThan": "a20fcaa230f7472456d12cf761ed13938e320ac3",
"status": "affected",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"version": "6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a",
"lessThan": "665cfd1083866f87301bbd232cb8ba48dcf4acce",
"status": "affected",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"version": "6e3f264560099869f68830cb14b3b3e71e5ac76a",
"lessThan": "ce9ff21ea89d191e477a02ad7eabf4f996b80a69",
"status": "affected",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"product": "Linux",
"vendor": "Linux",
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/vfio/platform/vfio_platform_common.c"
],
"versions": [
{
"version": "4.1",
"status": "affected"
},
{
"version": "0",
"lessThan": "4.1",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "5.4.290",
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
"status": "unaffected",
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},
{
"version": "5.10.234",
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
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},
{
"version": "5.10.235",
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
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},
{
"version": "5.15.178",
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "5.15.179",
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "6.1.128",
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "6.6.75",
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "6.12.12",
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "6.13.1",
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"version": "6.14",
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"operator": "OR",
"negate": false,
"cpeMatch": [
{
"vulnerable": true,
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.4.290"
},
{
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"versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
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},
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"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.178"
},
{
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"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.179"
},
{
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"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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},
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}
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"references": [
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f21636f24b6786c8b13f1af4319fa75ffcf17f38"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9377cdc118cf327248f1a9dde7b87de067681dc9"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d19a8650fd3d7aed8d1af1d9a77f979a8430eba1"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ed81d82bb6e9df3a137f2c343ed689e6c68268ef"
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{
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/665cfd1083866f87301bbd232cb8ba48dcf4acce"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ce9ff21ea89d191e477a02ad7eabf4f996b80a69"
}
],
"title": "vfio/platform: check the bounds of read/write syscalls",
"x_generator": {
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}
},
"adp": [
{
"title": "CVE Program Container",
"references": [
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00001.html"
},
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00002.html"
}
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"providerMetadata": {
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"shortName": "CVE",
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T20:59:05.163Z"
}
}
]
}
}
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