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vuln-cve/data/2024/38xxx/CVE-2024-38588.json
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{
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"cveMetadata": {
"cveId": "CVE-2024-38588",
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"state": "PUBLISHED",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"dateReserved": "2024-06-18T19:36:34.929Z",
"datePublished": "2024-06-19T13:37:43.262Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:33:01.142Z"
},
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nftrace: Fix possible use-after-free issue in ftrace_location()\n\nKASAN reports a bug:\n\n BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in ftrace_location+0x90/0x120\n Read of size 8 at addr ffff888141d40010 by task insmod/424\n CPU: 8 PID: 424 Comm: insmod Tainted: G W 6.9.0-rc2+\n [...]\n Call Trace:\n <TASK>\n dump_stack_lvl+0x68/0xa0\n print_report+0xcf/0x610\n kasan_report+0xb5/0xe0\n ftrace_location+0x90/0x120\n register_kprobe+0x14b/0xa40\n kprobe_init+0x2d/0xff0 [kprobe_example]\n do_one_initcall+0x8f/0x2d0\n do_init_module+0x13a/0x3c0\n load_module+0x3082/0x33d0\n init_module_from_file+0xd2/0x130\n __x64_sys_finit_module+0x306/0x440\n do_syscall_64+0x68/0x140\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x71/0x79\n\nThe root cause is that, in lookup_rec(), ftrace record of some address\nis being searched in ftrace pages of some module, but those ftrace pages\nat the same time is being freed in ftrace_release_mod() as the\ncorresponding module is being deleted:\n\n CPU1 | CPU2\n register_kprobes() { | delete_module() {\n check_kprobe_address_safe() { |\n arch_check_ftrace_location() { |\n ftrace_location() { |\n lookup_rec() // USE! | ftrace_release_mod() // Free!\n\nTo fix this issue:\n 1. Hold rcu lock as accessing ftrace pages in ftrace_location_range();\n 2. Use ftrace_location_range() instead of lookup_rec() in\n ftrace_location();\n 3. Call synchronize_rcu() before freeing any ftrace pages both in\n ftrace_process_locs()/ftrace_release_mod()/ftrace_free_mem()."
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"value": "AV:L - Both sides of the race are driven through local syscalls — `finit_module`/`delete_module` (or unprivileged module autoload) on the free side and `perf_event_open`/`bpf()`/tracefs `kprobe_events` on the `ftrace_location()` reader side. There is no remote or adjacent-network path into ftrace page management.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race and can loop them concurrently — repeatedly registering kprobes/fprobes on one CPU while loading/unloading a module on another — and the window spans the entire unlocked `pg->next`/bsearch walk, which is why the reporter hit it with a plain `insmod` of the sample kprobe module. `CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE` is enabled in virtually all production kernels, so no rare configuration is needed.\nPR:L - The reader side is reachable by a low-privileged tracing-capable task (CAP_PERFMON/CAP_BPF, routinely granted to containerised monitoring agents rather than full root), and the free side can be triggered by an unprivileged task via module autoloading (`request_module()` from AF_ALG bind or socket-family aliases) as well as by module load/unload. No full init-namespace root is required for the whole chain.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers both the kprobe/ftrace registration and the module load/unload entirely on their own; no victim action or cooperation is involved.\nS:U - The use-after-free is in kernel heap/page memory and its consequences stay within the kernel's own security authority — no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `lookup_rec()` reads freed `struct ftrace_page` objects and freed record pages, and the harvested contents (`rec->ip`) are returned to the caller and observable through kprobe/ftrace state, exposing whatever reallocated kernel data now occupies those pages.\nI:H - The address returned from freed memory is consumed as a code-patching target — stored as `tr->ip` for BPF trampolines and installed into ftrace filter hashes — so heap spraying of the reclaimed pages can steer kernel text modification to an attacker-chosen address, giving a write/control-flow-hijack primitive.\nA:H - Traversing the freed `pg->next` list and bsearching freed record pages dereferences wild pointers, producing an oops or panic; the race can be retried indefinitely to force a crash."
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