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{
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"cveMetadata": {
"cveId": "CVE-2023-52447",
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"state": "PUBLISHED",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"dateReserved": "2024-02-20T12:30:33.292Z",
"datePublished": "2024-02-22T16:21:39.032Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T00:16:57.695Z"
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Defer the free of inner map when necessary\n\nWhen updating or deleting an inner map in map array or map htab, the map\nmay still be accessed by non-sleepable program or sleepable program.\nHowever bpf_map_fd_put_ptr() decreases the ref-counter of the inner map\ndirectly through bpf_map_put(), if the ref-counter is the last one\n(which is true for most cases), the inner map will be freed by\nops->map_free() in a kworker. But for now, most .map_free() callbacks\ndon't use synchronize_rcu() or its variants to wait for the elapse of a\nRCU grace period, so after the invocation of ops->map_free completes,\nthe bpf program which is accessing the inner map may incur\nuse-after-free problem.\n\nFix the free of inner map by invoking bpf_map_free_deferred() after both\none RCU grace period and one tasks trace RCU grace period if the inner\nmap has been removed from the outer map before. The deferment is\naccomplished by using call_rcu() or call_rcu_tasks_trace() when\nreleasing the last ref-counter of bpf map. The newly-added rcu_head\nfield in bpf_map shares the same storage space with work field to\nreduce the size of bpf_map."
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"value": "AV:L - The bug is reached only through the local bpf() syscall (BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM/DELETE_ELEM on ARRAY_OF_MAPS or HASH_OF_MAPS while a concurrently running BPF program holds the old inner map); there is no network or adjacent-protocol path into bpf_map_fd_put_ptr().\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls both sides of the race—one thread updating/deleting the outer map entry while another triggers the attached BPF program (as demonstrated by the upstream map_in_map selftest)—so no attacker-uncontrollable timing or memory-layout condition is required.\nPR:L - ARRAY_OF_MAPS/HASH_OF_MAPS are in map_create()'s explicitly unprivileged branch, and with unprivileged_bpf_disabled=0 (default on affected 5.9–5.15 kernels and common on Android/embedded) a plain local user can create them and drive the UAF via SOCKET_FILTER; CAP_BPF is otherwise a delegatable non-root capability routinely granted to containers and agents.\nUI:N - The attacker creates the maps, loads/attaches the program, and performs the concurrent update/delete themselves; no separate victim action is required.\nS:U - This is a standard host-kernel use-after-free privilege escalation within the same OS security authority, with no VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or other cross-boundary impact.\nC:H - The inner map (e.g. bpf_array) is freed via array_map_free()/htab_map_free() while a BPF program still dereferences it (KASAN slab-UAF), giving the attacker control over a reclaimable kernel object and enabling arbitrary read primitives.\nI:H - The same heap UAF of the inner map object is sprayable and exploitable for arbitrary write and control-flow hijacking once the freed map memory is reclaimed under attacker control.\nA:H - Even without a full exploit, concurrent use of the prematurely freed inner map causes kernel oops/KASAN faults (as shown in the selftest report in array_map_update_elem), fully denying availability."
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